Abstract
In the years 2008-2011, phenological observations of flowering of male inflorescences were carried out in seven taxa from the genus <em>Corylus</em>: <em>C</em><em>. americana</em>, <em>C</em><em>. avellana</em>, <em>C</em><em>. avellana</em> &lsquo;Contorta&rsquo;, <em>C. avellana </em>&lsquo;Pendula&rsquo;, <em>C. </em>× <em>colurnoide</em><em>s</em>, <em>C</em><em>. cornuta</em>, <em>C. maxima</em>, grown in the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Botanical Garden in Lublin. Simultaneously, the hazel pollen seasons in the atmosphere of Lublin were analysed using a Durham sampler. The aim of the work was to assess the flowering in seven <em>Corylu</em><em>s </em>taxa in relation to selected meteorological elements and to describe the pollen seasons in the years 2008-2011.<br /> During the study years, the annual phenological cycles in the studied <em>Corylus </em>taxa differed markedly in terms of timing of the onset of the successive flowering phases. During the four years of observations, the earliest beginning of hazel flowering was found at the end of January, whereas the latest – at the end of March. The earliest full bloom took place in the first decade of February, and the latest – in the first decade of April. The end of flowering was reported in February or in the first or second decade of April. Each year, <em>C. avellana </em>was the first to produce flowers and it was subsequently followed by <em>C. americana</em>, <em>C. </em>× <em>colurnoides</em>, <em>C. maxima</em>, <em>C. avellana </em>&lsquo;Pendula&rsquo;, <em>C. avellana</em> &lsquo;Contorta&rsquo;, and <em>C. cornuta</em>. The pollen seasons in the study period began at the end of January, in the second decade of February, or in the first decade of March. The end of the pollen seasons most frequently took place in the first or second decade of April. The length of the pollen seasons ranged from 38 to 49 days, while the length of the flowering periods in the individual taxa was 22 days on average. During the four study years, the onset of flowering in <em>C. avellana </em>and the beginning of the pollen season coincided on the same day, whereas the onset of flowering in the other taxa was usually reported after the beginning of the pollen seasons. The flowering period of <em>C</em>. <em>avellana </em>&lsquo;Contorta&rsquo; and <em>C. cornuta </em>lasted from 5 to 16 days after the pollen season. The development of inflorescences was most closely related to maximum temperature and relative air humidity.
Highlights
Phenological studies are employed in many branches of natural sciences and widely applied in practice
The phenological observations of flowering were carried out on seven Corylus taxa grown in the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Botanical Garden in Lublin in the years 2008-2011
The phenological observation indicates that the timing of the consecutive flowering phases in the selected Corylus taxa is not a constant phenomenon (Table 2 and Fig. 3.)
Summary
Phenological studies are employed in many branches of natural sciences and widely applied in practice. Records of the dynamics of seasonal changes occurring in the plant or animal world are used in environmental sciences for studying the interactions between living organisms and their environment. Phenology is an important branch of science for meteorological research, especially in climatology and biometeorology. Investigations of flowering phenology facilitate interpretation of aerobiological research results and ensure more precise allergy forecasts. This is especially important in forecasting the concentration of airborne pollen allergens (Hänninen , 1983; Lattore , 1999; J a t o et al 2002; Kasprzyk , 2003; Estrella et al 2006; Stach et al 2006; Kasprzyk and Walanus , 2007; Weryszko - Chmielewska et al 2010). Spearman’s r correlation coefficients for the growth of male inflorescences of seven Corylus taxa and the weather parameters (2008-2011).
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