Flow and heat transfer of MHD dusty hybrid nanofluids over a shrinking sheet

Abstract

A model is formulated to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a dusty hybrid nanofluid flow over an unsteady shrinking sheet in the presence of a magnetic field. The transformed governing equations of the problem are solved using the shooting method. For higher magnetic field parameter, suction parameter, and mixture density ratio, the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are found to increase. However, when the volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles and Richardson's number are increased, the skin friction coefficient diminishes, whereas the local Nusselt number increases. The noticeable finding is that the domain of the occurrence of dual solutions is also increased for the higher volume fraction of alumina nanoparticles, Richardson's number, magnetic field parameter, suction parameter, and shrinking parameter. Moreover, the velocity of the hybrid nanofluid is accelerated with an increase of the magnetic field parameter, suction parameter, mixture density ratio, and shrinking parameter. Contrary to this, the temperature of the fluid becomes higher for larger values of volume fractions of nanoparticles.