Flooding in Counter-Current Two-Phase Flow

Abstract

This summary presents the various definitions which have been proposed for the flooding phenomenon. A collection of experimental results for vertical flooding is presented to show that although the research has included many parameters, a large portion of the work has centered on air and water in tubes ranging from 38 mm to 50 mm in diameter. Some detail of individual experiments is presented to demonstrate various types of apparatus and instrumentation in use. The well known correlations of Wallis and Kutateladze as well as some early empirical correlations are given with a discussion of the limits of these correlations. Recent attempts by Crowley, Dilber, and Richter to provide an analytical base for flooding are discussed. In closing, the authors highlight an interesting work by Maron and Dukler with suggestions for extending this approach to provide a more complete analytical solution for flooding. For simplicity in this survey of flooding literature, the experimental aspects of flooding will be presented first as a summary of the range of experimental data available. The analytical aspects of the experimental works will be included with the purely analytical works.KeywordsLiquid FilmMultiphase FlowInterfacial ShearWater Flow RateCritical Heat FluxThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.