Abstract
Flood susceptibility mapping and assessment is an important element of flood prevention and mitigation strategies because it identifies the most vulnerable areas based on physical characteristics that determine the propensity for flooding. This study aims to define the flood susceptibility zones for the territory of Slovakia using a multi-criteria approach, particularly the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique, and geographic information systems (GIS). Seven flood conditioning factors were chosen: hydrography—distance from rivers, river network density; hydrology—flow accumulation; morphometry—elevation, slope; and permeability—curve numbers, lithology. All factors were defined as raster datasets with the resolution of 50 x 50 m. The AHP technique was used to calculate the factor weights. The relative importance of the selected factors prioritized slope degree as the most important factor followed by river network density, distance from rivers, flow accumulation, elevation, curve number, and lithology. It was found that 33.1% of the territory of Slovakia is characterized by very high to high flood susceptibility. The flood susceptibility map was validated against 1513 flood historical points showing very good agreement between the computed susceptibility zones and historical flood events of which 70.9% were coincident with high and very high susceptibility levels, thus confirming the effectiveness of the methodology adopted.
Highlights
Floods have always been a natural part of the hydrological cycle, an increasing trend in frequency and magnitude of floods has been recorded in recent decades [1]
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Summary
Floods have always been a natural part of the hydrological cycle, an increasing trend in frequency and magnitude of floods has been recorded in recent decades [1]. Developing effective flood prevention measures has been a difficult task in many countries, including Slovakia. The increasing trend in the occurrence of flood events is mainly the result of the ongoing climate changes as well as land use changes driven by human activities [2,3]. Mapping and analysis of flood susceptibility is one of the most important elements of early warning systems or strategies for prevention and mitigation of future flood situations since it identifies the most vulnerable areas based on physical conditions that determine the propensity for flooding.
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