Abstract
Bird strikes are a common, serious, and devastating event in aviation accidents, and multi-bird strikes are also frequently reported. A numerical multi-bird-strike simulation was performed to investigate the effect of flocking birds striking on engine blades. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was adopted in the hemispherical-ended bird substitute model, and the finite element method (FEM) with EOS state equation was adopted for the fan model as well. Impact analyses have been presented using different flocking birds and impact location distributions. A “0-2-1” supported rotor system dynamic model was established to study the effect of the multi-bird-strike impact forces on the rotor system. The results show that bird-strike severity is related to the impact location distribution, with blade-root impacts being the most dangerous. The small flocking bird strikes had little effect on the fan compared to the cases of medium flocking birds and the large single bird. The dynamic response of the fan to the small flocking birds was the same as without a bird strike, while the other cases changed the motion period and excited the rotor first-order vibration.
Highlights
Bird strike is a sudden and frequent accident, posing a serious threat to aviation flight safety
The impact of a single bird on a fan has been studied by many scholars, focusing on the stress distribution on the blades, the kinetic energy loss, and the impact force on the fan, which determine how the engine is affected by bird strikes
The results mentioned above were been obtained for the cases involving a large single bird and small and medium flocking bird strikes
Summary
Bird strike is a sudden and frequent accident, posing a serious threat to aviation flight safety. According to the above study, a rotating fan using the Johnson-Cook material model was selected as the impact target in this paper. To study the effect of different bird flocks striking on the engine rotor system and obtain the most dangerous scenario, this paper calculated the effect of multi-bird impact forces on the rotor system. It was observed that multi-bird strikes on engines are common, there is still less research on flocking bird strikes on fans and fewer studies involving rotor system response to bird-strike forces. To study the hazards of flocking birds striking a fan, the hemispherical-ended model was applied in this paper with modifiable dimensions to simulate different birds and meet the requirements for multi-bird-strike simulations. The study in this paper contributes to a preliminary understanding of flocking bird impact effects and provides a reference for the development and modification of requirements for bird-strike airworthiness in aero engines
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