Flocking and line-shaped spatial configuration to delayed Cucker-Smale models

Abstract

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>As we known, it is popular for a designed system to achieve a prescribed performance, which have remarkable capability to regulate the flow of information from distinct and independent components. Also, it is not well understand, in both theories and applications, how self propelled agents use only limited environmental information and simple rules to organize into an ordered motion. In this paper, we focus on analysis the flocking behaviour and the line-shaped pattern for collective motion involving time delay effects. Firstly, we work on a delayed Cucker-Smale-type system involving a general communication weight and a constant delay <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \tau&gt;0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for modelling collective motion. In a result, by constructing a new Lyapunov functional approach, combining with two delayed differential inequalities established by <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-analysis, we show that the flocking occurs for the general communication weight when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \tau $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is sufficiently small. Furthermore, to achieve the prescribed performance, we introduce the line-shaped inner force term into the delayed collective system, and analytically show that there is a flocking pattern with an asymptotic flocking velocity and line-shaped pattern. All results are novel and can be illustrated by numerical simulations using some concrete influence functions. Also, our results significantly extend some known theorems in the literature.