Abstract
AbstractCritical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) of Na illite were measured using flocculation series tests. Results consistent with kinetic theories of coagulation showed the effect of coagulation/settling time on the CCC at various pH levels. A general flocculation series test procedure for reference and soil minerals is proposed. This test controls particle‐interaction dynamics and uses a long coagulation time to minimize the effects of variations in particle diffusion rates and solids concentrations, and to yield time‐invariant CCCs. After combining Na illite dispersions with a series of pH‐adjusted, concentrated NaClO4 solutions, the mineral particles coagulated primarily by Brownian diffusion. To control the release of interlayer K from Na illite, an equilibrium K concentration of 0.1 mol m−3 was added to all suspensions. The CCCs were detected from turbidity measurements taken after various coagulation time intervals. Between 2 and 17 h, CCCs generally decreased with increasing particle‐interaction time; however, CCCs measured after 17 and 36 h were equivalent and time invariant.
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