Abstract
ABSTRACT: The goals of this study were to evaluate the application of glyphosate plus three adjuvants and three spray nozzles in controlling the macrophyte Pistia stratiotes. For this purpose, after an 80 to 90% colonization, the application of 1.5, 3.5 and 7.0 L h-1 of isolated glyphosate and with the adjuvants Aterbane® BR, Veget’oil® and Dash® HC (0.5% vv-1) and the spray nozzles (AI 110.02, TTI 110.015 and TT 110.015) was performed, plus a control sample (water). Applications were performed with a pressurized backpack precision sprayer, at the constant pressure of 50 p.s.i. and with mixture consumption of 200 L ha-1. At the dose of 1.5 L ha-1, there was 100% control for the combination glyphosate + Veget’oil + tip AI 110.02 (Gly+V.oil+AI, Gly+Aterb.+TTI and Gly+Dash+TT) 15 days after application (DAA). At 3.5 L ha-1, the greatest control (95%) was with Gly+AI, Gly+Aterb.+TTI, Gly+V.oil+TTI, Gly+Dash+TTI, Gly+Aterb.+TT and Gly+Dash+TT; and at 7.0 L ha-1 100% was observed for Gly+AI, Gly+Aterb.+AI, Gly+V.oil+AI, Gly+Aterb.+TTI, Gly+V.oil+TTI, Gly+Dash+TTI, Gly+TT and Gly+Dash+TT. Thus, it is possible to conclude that at 1.5 L ha-1, the combination of glyphosate plus Dash® and with the nozzle TT 110.015 (Gly+Dash+TT) was the most promising one; at 3.5 L ha-1, it was Gly+Aterb.+TTI and at 7.0 L ha-1 the air induction nozzles (AI 110.02 and TTI 110.015), whether with isolated glyphosate or with any of the three adjuvants, were the best at providing control.
Highlights
Anthropogenic activities contribute to the accentuated growth of macrophyte colonizations from various ecological groups, due to the release of nutrients into water bodies (Chambers et al, 2008)
The goals of this study were to evaluate the application of glyphosate plus three adjuvants and three spray nozzles in controlling the macrophyte Pistia stratiotes
The highest glyphosate doses promoted an increase in the control effectiveness and a higher reduction in the dry biomass, surface tension and contact angle
Summary
Anthropogenic activities contribute to the accentuated growth of macrophyte colonizations from various ecological groups, due to the release of nutrients into water bodies (Chambers et al, 2008). These colonizations lead to serious consequences for navigation, water collection, alterations in the natural standards of water quality, water collection for public supply, generation of electric power, evapotranspiration and sheltering for disease vector organisms (Martins et al, 2002; Gettys et al, 2014). In order to reduce the damages caused by macrophytes, it is necessary to use control measures and, among the options (physical, biological, mechanic and chemical), the chemical management has been evaluated due to its high effectiveness and the good cost/benefit relation (Martins et al, 2002; Marcondes et al, 2003; Gettys et al, 2014).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
