Abstract
In recent years scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). Several approaches are currently utilized in the prolongation of the GRT, including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), also known as hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS), swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high-density systems, and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The different strategies used in the development of FDDS by constructing the effervescent and noneffervescent type of floating tablets basis of which is buoyancy mechanism. FDDS is a method to deliver the drugs that are active locally with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, unstable in the lower intestinal environment, and possess low solubility with higher pH values. The recent developments in floating drug delivery systems are containing the physiological and formulation variables impacting on gastric retention time, approaches to formulating of single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are discussed in detail. This review also summarizes evaluation parameters and application of floating drug delivery systems.
 Keywords: Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), Gastric residence time, Swelling index, Buoyancy.
Highlights
Oral delivery of drugs is by far the most preferable route of drug delivery due to the ease of administration, low cost of therapy, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation etc.[1]
In recent years scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of ratecontrolled oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET)
Several approaches are currently utilized in the prolongation of the gastric retention time (GRT), including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), known as hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS), swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high-density systems, and other delayed gastric emptying devices
Summary
Oral delivery of drugs is by far the most preferable route of drug delivery due to the ease of administration, low cost of therapy, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation etc.[1]. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) have a bulk density less than gastric fluids and so remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. The routine formulation method involves the mixing of the drug with gel forming hydrocolloids that swell in contact with gastric fluid upon oral administration and maintains the integrity of shape and a bulk density barrier, the air trapped by swollen polymer confer buoyancy to the dosage forms [6, 9] This system prolongs gastric retention time and maximizes the amount of drug that reaches its absorption site in the solution form. The dosage form having tetrahedron and ring shape devises with a flexural modulus of 48 and 22.5 kilo pounds per square inch (KSI) are reported to exhibit better GIT for 90 to 100 % retention at 24 hours compared with other shapes [15]
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