Abstract
Due to the learning difficulties in mathematics education, a new teaching methodology have been proposed for its improvement. Difficulties in mathematics learning indicate that students are not able to properly deal with resolving calculations and/or problems. This research examines the evolution of the attitudes of pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) toward mathematics learning when an open calculation based on numbers (OCN) method was followed in a flipped classroom. It was conducted in a general mathematics course, Primary Education bachelor’s degree during the course of 2019/2020. A total of 143 students participated in the study (230 students enrolled), with a pre- and post-test survey questionnaire. Based on the analysis of survey questionnaires, the obtained results demonstrated that the attitudes (own beliefs and conceptions (OB), positive (ATP), and negative (ATN) attitudes) of PSTs improved positively after completing the flipped-OCN method toward mathematics learning. Regarding the statistical analyses, all questions had a significant difference that showed the influence of the flipped-OCN method, improving the PSTs attitudes toward mathematics learning (p < 0.005). According to the structural equation modeling—partial least squares (SEM-PLS) analysis, it demonstrated that the components relation effects of OB, ATP, and ATN of PSTs toward mathematics learning, and the influence of their educational background. Finally, with the principal component analysis (PCA), it can be found out that the science and technology background were positively correlated after the flipped-OCN method comparing with the rest of PSTs. The influence of the proposed method indicated a significant improvement in these components. Therefore, the results concluded that this study allowed to draw a promising tendency about the PSTs’ attitudes toward mathematics learning with the OCN method in the flipped classroom. Additionally, these outcomes could advance our comprehension of how to help pre-service education for teachers’ enhancement and maturity of positive attitudes about themselves as future teachers. Then, it would be a fundamental piece in building logical and critical thinking and development for children.
Highlights
New teaching methods for learning difficulties in mathematics education have been proposed for its improvement [1,2]
Comparing the scores and loading contribution plots, the social sciences and humanistic background of PTSs was more related to this second group of variables, and we had observed that these variables were significantly improved after the intervention completion, and the flipped-OCN method implemented could be a suitable strategy to foster better attitudes toward mathematics learning, especially in those students who had not been exposed to mathematics in their pre-university studies
This work was conducted in a general mathematics course, Primary Education bachelor’s degree during the course of 2019/2020
Summary
New teaching methods for learning difficulties in mathematics education have been proposed for its improvement [1,2]. Along with the OCN methodology, instructors can apply it in the context of flipped learning presented by Bergmann and Sams, which has advanced a consideration as an alternative and active instruction method to ratify the concept and contents of the OCN in mathematics education [4,23,24,25] This methodology specifies an effective attitude improvement towards mathematics that can be prolonged [26], which is placed to develop mathematical competence and foster mathematical reasoning for students in order to increase their attention [27]. This course could provide core information for their future instruction and they were required to have the responsibility to be educated on diverse mathematics contents and competences, improving their attitudes for primary students
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
