Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated ginger modified heat cured poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material regarding; surface roughness, flexural strength, antimicrobial activity, and color stability. Materials and methods: Ginger was used in powder and oil forms to modify the polymer and monomer. Seven experimental groups were formulated; Group (I) control; Group (II) 3 wt% ginger-powder modified polymer; Group (III) 5 wt% ginger-powder modified polymer; Group (IV) 3 v/v% ginger-oil modified monomer; Group (V) 5 v/v% ginger-oil modified monomer; Group (VI) 3 wt% ginger-powder modified polymer mixed with 5 v/v% ginger-oil modified monomer; Group (VII) 5 wt% ginger-powder modified polymer mixed with 3 v/v% ginger-oil modified monomer. Specimens were tested for surface topography, surface roughness, flexural strength, antimicrobial activity, and color stability. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD analysis with a significance factor of α = 0.05. Results: The PMMA polymer modified with 3 v/v% ginger-oil (Group IV) exhibited a significant reduction in surface roughness, a significant increase in flexural strength with clinically acceptable color change. No antimicrobial activity was detected for any of the evaluated groups. Conclusions: 3 v/v% ginger-oil was able to improve the mechanical properties of heat cured PMMA denture base resin with a tolerable color change.
Highlights
Methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins have been used for the manufacture of denture bases for over 50 years
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) displays irregular particles’ shape distribution in globular and spindle form, the powder seems to have some tendency to be arranged in dense asymmetric clusters (Figures 1a, 1b and 1c)
For the Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder, TEM validates spherical particles distribution with multimodal size ranging from 49.38- 328.19 nm (Figure 1d)
Summary
Methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins have been used for the manufacture of denture bases for over 50 years. Attempts have been made to enhance the mechanical properties of acrylic resin by increasing the material bulk in the most heavily stressed area, through copolymerization, cross-linking, and reinforcement with different fibers [5]. Another significant drawback of the PMMA resins is their liability to support the biofilm formation attributed to their surface roughness and free energy that may encourage microbial adherence [6]. The surface properties studies of the denture base material have revealed a direct link between surface roughness, plaque accumulation and adherence of Candida albicans [6,7]. An increase in prosthesis roughness might be a source of oral tissues’ micro traumas [11]
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