Abstract
A fundamental 1×2 beam splitter based on directional coupling of flexible optical waveguides is presented. The coupling and transmission characteristics of the beam splitter are investigated by using the plane wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method, respectively. Calculated results indicate that, for this beam splitter, without any structural optimization, near-complete transmission is observed within a wide frequency band. Combining the fundamental 1×2 beam splitter with flexible optical waveguides, we construct a simple and compact 1×4 beam splitter. Those beam splitters are expected to be applied to highly dense photonic integrated circuits.
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