Abstract
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) adopted cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) for both uplink and downlink communications (although DFT-s-OFDM is also allowed in the uplink) in 5G New Radio (NR) Release 15. However, due to the variety of proposed deployment options and scenarios, a single numerology will not be enough to fulfil all performance requirements. A scalable OFDM numerology was required to enable diverse services on a wide range of frequencies and deployments, and finding the right numerology for each scenario is of special relevance for the proper functioning of 5G NR. Using a simulator calibrated according to the parameters established for NR performance by the 3GPP, this paper presents the performance evaluation of NR for the main 5G scenarios and different CP-OFDM numerologies and device speeds. Results show that increasing subcarrier spacing boosts the strength of the system against intercarrier interference (ICI) caused my Doppler spread; however, to increase subcarrier spacing, the CP must be reduced proportionally, which makes intersymbol interference (ISI) and ICI caused by insufficient CP have a more predominant effect. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the total interference of the system, in order to determine the proper numerology for each scenario, which will depend on all the factors mentioned above, and not only on the operation band, as suggested in the standardization process. All this allows concluding that the choice of the appropriate numerology for a particular system depends not only on the band of operation but also on the deployment scenario and the speed of the user equipment (UE). Likewise, it is concluded that it is even possible to use more than one numerology for the same scenario.
Highlights
Since the beginning of 2016, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been working on the standardization of 5G New Radio (NR) [1], a new Radio Access Technology (RAT) that will guarantee the performance, interoperability, and quality of 5G devices and networks, within next-generation global standard [2]. is will allow services such as virtual reality, augmented reality, automated intelligence, autonomous vehicles, and the Internet of ings (IoT) [3] to become a reality
NR must solve in order to enable a truly networked society: a higher data rate, more reliable and low latency transmissions, and a massive growth in the number of devices. ese challenges result in three broad use cases [4]: enhanced mobile broadband, which requires very high data rates and large bandwidths, e.g., highly mobile user equipment (UE) connected to macrocells; ultra-reliable low-latency communications, which require very high reliability and availability, as very low latency, e.g., power system automation and factory process; and massive machine type communications, which require low energy consumption at the UE, high connection density, and low bandwidth, e.g., collection of the measurements from a massive number of sensors
Changes in 5G NR numerology have a significant impact on the total system interference, and its influence can be greater or less depending on the system conditions. is has been verified according to the results obtained and the analysis of the intercarrier interference (ICI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) under diverse parameters such as frequency, topology, and UE speed
Summary
Flexible Numerology in 5G NR: Interference Quantification and Proper Selection Depending on the Scenario. Erefore, it is necessary to quantify the total interference of the system, in order to determine the proper numerology for each scenario, which will depend on all the factors mentioned above, and on the operation band, as suggested in the standardization process. All this allows concluding that the choice of the appropriate numerology for a particular system depends on the band of operation and on the deployment scenario and the speed of the user equipment (UE). It is concluded that it is even possible to use more than one numerology for the same scenario
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