Abstract
Increasing large-scale integration of renewables in conventional power system has led to an increase in reserve power requirement owing to the forecasting error. Innovative operating strategies are required for maintaining balance between load and generation in real time, while keeping the reserve power requirement at its minimum. This research work proposes a control strategy for active power balance control without compromising power system security, emphasizing the integration of wind power and flexible load in automatic generation control. Simulations were performed in DIgSILENT for forecasting the modern Danish power system with bulk wind power integration. A high wind day of year 2020 was selected for analysis when wind power plants were contributing 76.7% of the total electricity production. Conventional power plants and power exchange with interconnected power systems utilize an hour-ahead power regulation schedule, while real-time series are used for wind power plants and load demand. Analysis showed that flexible load units along with wind power plants can actively help in reducing real-time power imbalances introduced due to large-scale integration of wind power, thus increasing power system reliability without enhancing the reserve power requirement from conventional power plants.
Highlights
Large-scale integration of renewables affects the active power balance control in the real-time operation of the power system [1,2]
To assess the performance of the wind power plant on the power system level in controlling the active power during large-scale wind power penetration, it is important to assess the performance of Wind Power Plants (WPPs) compared to the performance of individual turbines
When up-regulation is required, i.e., ∆Psec > 0, a command is generated by the AGC wind power plants that are unable to respond, as they are already operating at their Maximum Power Point (MPP)
Summary
Large-scale integration of renewables affects the active power balance control in the real-time operation of the power system [1,2]. The studies in [2,3] mitigated the power imbalances through conventional generating units, but ignored the effectiveness of services from wind power plants and flexible loads. The work in [23] employed aggregated electric vehicle-based battery storage and conventional generating sources for power balancing and found that the regulation needs from conventional generators and the power deviations were significantly minimized These studies [22,23] employed the static optimization techniques for secondary dispatch. The study presented in this research paper employed a dynamic dispatch approach that enabled AGC with better allocation of regulating reserves from flexible load units and WPPs, taking into account the energy threshold level and available wind power, respectively.
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