Abstract

The modern power system is characterized by the massive integration of renewables, especially wind power. The intermittent nature of wind poses serious concerns for the system operator owing to the inaccuracies in wind power forecasting. Forecasting errors require more balancing power for maintaining frequency within the nominal range. These services are now offered through conventional power plants that not only increase the operational cost but also adversely affect the environment. The modern power system emphasizes the massive penetration of wind power that will replace conventional power plants and thereby impact the provision of system services from conventional power plants. Therefore, there is an emergent need to find new control and balancing solutions, such as regulation reserves from wind power plants and electric vehicles, without trading off their natural behaviors. This work proposes real-time optimized dispatch strategies for automatic generation control (AGC) to utilize wind power and the storage capacity of electric vehicles for the active power balancing services of the grid. The proposed dispatch strategies enable the AGC to appropriately allocate the regulating reserves from wind power plants and electric vehicles, considering their operational constraints. Simulations are performed in DIgSILENT software by developing a power system AGC model integrating the generating units and an EVA model. The inputs for generating units are considered by selecting a particular day of the year 2020, when wind power plants are generating high power. Different coordinated dispatch strategies are proposed for the AGC model to incorporate the reserve power from wind power plants and EVs. The performance of the proposed dispatch strategies is accessed and discussed by obtaining responses of the generating units and EVs during the AGC operation to counter the initial power imbalances in the network. The results reveal that integration of wind power and electric vehicles alongside thermal power plants can effectively reduce real-time power imbalances acquainted in power systems due to massive penetration of wind power that subsequently improves the power system security. Moreover, the proposed dispatch strategy reduces the operational cost of the system by allowing the conventional power plant to operate at their lower limits and therefore utilizes minimum reserves for the active power balancing services.

Highlights

  • Renewable energy technologies are evolving at a breakneck pace throughout the world; wind power, in particular, has witnessed tremendous growth over the last decade

  • This research work carried out a detailed analysis on providing active power support to highly wind-integrated based power systems utilizing wind power and electric vehicles (EVs)’ capacities along with thermal power plant systems

  • The proposed dynamic dispatch strategies are implemented by developing the automatic generation control (AGC) system and incorporating power from generating units and electric vehicle areas

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Summary

Introduction

Renewable energy technologies are evolving at a breakneck pace throughout the world; wind power, in particular, has witnessed tremendous growth over the last decade. The proposed dispatch strategy of the AGC system addresses major challenges of power systems to integrate wind power and EVs in active power balancing operation This includes the power curtailment issue of wind power, consideration of maximum limits of generating units and other operational constraints such as dead bands and delays associated with the AGC system. The proposed coordinated dispatch strategy in this case addresses the power curtailment issue of wind power and prioritizes its utilization over thermal power in the active power control process This guarantees the reduction in spinning reserves and decreases the energy storage requirements, thereby allowing the system to be operated at its minimum operational cost. The third case study integrates the storage capacities of electric vehicles along with thermal power plants in the AGC dispatch process to provide the required secondary response during unbalanced grid operation.

Modeling of Power System Generating Units and EVs
Modelling of the Thermal Power Plant System (THPPs)
Modelling
Modelling of EVs for Power System Automatic Generation Control
Calculation of Regulation Capacities
Performance
Case Study 1
Case Study 2
11. Proposed strategy for AGC incorporating
Comparative
Findings
Conclusions and Future Directions
Full Text
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