Abstract
Abstract The Kobayashi–Maskawa (KM) hypothesis about the existence of a third generation of quarks represents a cornerstone of the Standard Model (SM). Fifty years after this seminal paper [M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652 (1973)], flavor physics continues to represent a privileged observatory on physics occurring at high energy scales. In this paper I first review this statement using general effective-theory arguments, highlighting some interesting modern lessons from the KM paper. I then discuss some novel extensions of the SM based on the concept of flavor deconstruction: the hypothesis that gauge interactions are manifestly flavor-non-universal in the ultraviolet. The phenomenological consequences of this class of models are also briefly illustrated.
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