Flares from Merged Magnetars: Their Prospects as a New Population of Gamma-Ray Counterparts of Binary Neutron Star Mergers

Abstract

Long-lived massive magnetars are expected to be remnants of some binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. In this paper, we argue that the magnetic powered flaring activities of these merged magnetars would occur dominantly in their early millisecond-period-spin phase, which is in the timescale of days. Such flares endure significant absorption by the ejecta from the BNS collision, and their detectable energy range is from 0.1 to 10 MeV, in a time lag of approximately days after the merger events indicated by the gravitational wave chirps. We estimate the rate of such flares in different energy ranges, and find that there could have been 0.1–10 cases detected by Fermi/GBM. A careful search for ∼10 ms spin-period modulation in weak short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may identify them from the archival data. The next-generation megaelectronvolt detectors could detect them at a mildly higher rate. The recent report on the Quasi-Period-Oscillation found in two BASTE GRBs should not be considered as cases of such flares, for they were detected in a lower energy range and with a much shorter period spin modulation.