Abstract
Cellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further dependent on their source (i.e., seed, leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast, and grass). Being organic in nature, cellulose fibers, and their products thereof, pose considerable fire risk. In this work we have compared the flammability properties of cellulose fibers obtained from two different sources (i.e., cotton and peat). Compared to cotton cellulose textiles, peat-based cellulose textiles burn longer with a prominent afterglow which can be attributed to the presence of lignin in its structure. A series of phosphoramidates were synthesized and applied on both cellulose textiles. From thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion flow analysis of the treated cellulose, we were able to relate the flame retardant efficacy of the synthesized phosphorus compounds to their chemical structure. The phosphoramidates with methyl phosphoester groups exhibited higher condensed phase flame retardant effects on both types of cellulose textiles investigated in this study. In addition, the bis-phosphoramidates exhibited higher flame retardant efficacy compared to the mono-phosphoramidates.
Highlights
Cellulose is a natural polymer and exists abundantly in nature as a constituent of plants and microorganisms
In this work we have demonstrated that the flammability of the cellulose-based fibers differs depending on their composition.that
Peat-based cellulose textiles, which contain lignin, In this work wechemical have demonstrated the flammability of the cellulose-based fibersburn differs slowly and produce more char compared to the cotton cellulose textiles
Summary
Cellulose is a natural polymer and exists abundantly in nature as a constituent of plants and microorganisms. Cellulose-based fibers are widely used in the textile industry, filtration, and for fiber-reinforced composites. Natural cellulosic fibers used in textiles can be obtained from various parts of plants, such as seed (cotton), leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast (flax, jute), and grass [1]. Though the major chemical composition of these fibers is cellulose, they may contain other components, such as lignin, hemicellulose, and inorganic salts often identified as ash. The mechanical properties of the fiber are usually attributed to the cellulose components. The burning characteristics of these cellulosic fibers vary considerably and are based on their chemical composition. The presence of a certain quantity of lignin could improve the flame resistance of the fibers [3]. It is reported that a lower concentration of lignin (~10 wt %) in the fiber improves the char formation during thermal
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