Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous.

Taeyoon Kim,Bongkuk Seo,Jong-Ho Back,Choong-Sun Lim,Joo-Hyun Song,Hyun-Jong Paik,Wonjoo Lee

doi:10.3390/polym12061244

Abstract

The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of diethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphate (DEVBP) was performed using PEG-TTC as a macro RAFT agent. PEG-TTC (MW 2000, 4000) was synthesized by the esterification of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether with a carboxylic-terminated RAFT agent, composed a hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) block and a hydrophobic dodecyl chain. The RAFT emulsion polymerization of DEVBP was well–controlled with a narrow molecular size distribution. Dynamic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to examine the PEG-b-PDVBP submicron particles, and the length of the PEG chain (hydrophilic block) was found to affect the particle size distribution and molecular weight distribution. The submicron particle size increased with increasing degree of polymerization (35, 65, and 130), and precipitation was observed at a high degree of polymerization (DP) using low molecular weight PEG-TTC (DP 130, A3). The flame retardant properties of the PEG-b-PDVBP were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro cone calorimeter (MCC). In the combustion process, the residue of PEG-b-PDEVBP were above 500 °C was observed (A1 ~ B3, 27 ~ 38%), and flame retardant effect of PEG-b-PDEVBP submicron particles/PVA composite were confirmed by increasing range of temperature and decreasing total heat release with increasing contents of PEG-b-PDEVBP. The PEG-b-PDEVBP submicron particles can provide flame retardant properties to aqueous, dispersion and emulsion formed organic/polymer products.

Highlights

Phosphorus-based polymers have many applications, such as organic-metal complex [1], biominerals [2], proton exchange membrane materials [3]
PEG-b-P(diethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphate (DEVBP))-based submicron particles were prepared by the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of DEVBP, which was used as a hydrophobic were prepared by the RAFT emulsion polymerization of DEVBP, which was used as a hydrophobic monomer, using a poly-based chain transfer agents
The samples were prepared by the mixing 10 wt% PVA solution with PEG-b-PDEVBP emulsion followed by the lyophilization of the mixture and loaded in the instrument is heated at a rate of 1 C/s from 100 to 750 ◦ C to obtain heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR)

Summary

Introduction

Phosphorus-based polymers have many applications, such as organic-metal complex [1], biominerals [2], proton exchange membrane materials [3]. Flame retardant additives are needed to form polymers, copolymers, and organic, polymeric materials [6]. The final polymer product, stabilize polymeric particles, and RAFT emulsion polymerization has used surfactant [12]. RAFT polymerization can provide surfactant-free emulsion polymerization mechanical properties. They harm the environment [12]. PEG-b-P(diethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphate (DEVBP))-based submicron particles were prepared by the RAFT emulsion polymerization of DEVBP, which was used as a hydrophobic were prepared by the RAFT emulsion polymerization of DEVBP, which was used as a hydrophobic monomer, using a poly (ethylene glycol)-based chain transfer agents. Flame-retardant properties of PEG-b-PDEVBP were performed by TGA, micro cone calorimeter (MCC). The synthesis of PEG-b-PDEVBP is illustrated below (Figure 1)

Materials

Characterization

Results and Discussion

Confocal

Conclusions