Abstract
Flame spray pyrolysis was used to produce nanosized Ni-based catalysts starting from different mixed oxides. LaNiO3 and CeNiO3 were used as base materials and the formulation was varied by mixing them or incorporating variable amounts of ZrO2 or SrO during the synthesis. The catalysts were tested for the steam reforming of glycerol. One of the key problems for this application is the resistance to deactivation by sintering and coking, which may be increased by (1) improving Ni dispersion through the production of a Ni-La or Ni-Ce mixed oxide precursor, and then reduced; (2) using an oxide as ZrO2, which established a strong interaction with Ni and possesses high thermal resistance; (3) decreasing the surface acidity of ZrO2 through a basic promoter/support, such as La2O3; and (4) adding a promoter/support with very high oxygen mobility such as CeO2. A further key feature is the use of a high temperature synthesis, such as flame spray pyrolysis, to improve the overall thermal resistance of the oxides. These strategies proved effective to obtain active and stable catalysts at least for 20 h on stream with very limited coke formation.
Highlights
Hydrogen is gaining increasing importance as an energy vector, as a means to store energy and to convert it through highly efficient devices, such as fuel cells
Among the different catalytic formulations, perovskite type oxide appears intriguing for their unique crystal structure, which promotes the formation of metallic particles with high dispersion, enhanced hydrogen production, and improved coke resistance
Ni readily forms carbon nanotubes from carbide intermediates and we have previously demonstrated that, during the steam reforming of bioethanol, this may lead to the detachment of Ni particles, with irreversible catalyst deactivation [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38]
Summary
Hydrogen is gaining increasing importance as an energy vector, as a means to store energy and to convert it through highly efficient devices, such as fuel cells. Crude glycerol contains mineral impurities (phosphorous, calcium, alkali metals, unreacted fatty acids and methanol), which impose expensive purification to achieve practically exploitable purity for the conventional glycerol market (food and pharma industry) The latter market is unable to sustain the increasing availability of glycerol. Crude glycerol contains mineral impurities (phosphorous, which mayalkali be seen as the combination syngas and theimpose water expensive gas shift calcium, metals, unreacted fatty of acids and production methanol), which reaction: purification to achieve practically exploitable purity for the conventional glycerol market. The latter is unable to sustain the increasing availability development ∆H of glycerol transformation routes that. The most studied catalysts for steam reforming of glycerol are based
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