Flame length in lime kilns with a separate noncondensible gas burner

Abstract

Using an acid-alkali visualization technique, we studied the flame length in a lime kiln with a separate noncondensible gas (NCG) burner, as a function of the combined Craya-Curtet number (combined Ct) and excess air. The combined Ct and excess air are the dominant parameters affecting the flame length, shape, and temperature. The flame length increases with an increase in the combined Ct and a decrease in excess air. We developed an empirical equation for calculating the flame length. The NCG effect is accounted for in this equation.