Abstract
Presently, discussions are taking place in Iceland on the development and maintenance of tourist sites and various services needed in order for tourism to develop in line with the great increase in the number of foreign tourists. Municipalities are one of the interested parties and they are responsible for many services: sewage, maintenance of parks and streets, to name a few. There are doubts that municipal income increases according to the increase in tourists, because it is most likely this will take place through municipal income tax, but much of the work related to tourism is carried out by migrant workers. This research attempts to assess if municipal income changes with increased number of tourists. It will also be attempted to estimate if costs of municipalities increase with increased number of tourists, and also which types of costs. Available data on financial affairs of municipalities from the Association of municipalities, real estate prices from the National registry and statistics on number of tourists, from diverse sources, are used to assess changes in costs and incomes and if this will have the impacts described above. Quantitative methods are applied in the analysis. Regression analysis for panel data (fixed and random effect models) was applied along with descriptive analysis.
Highlights
Á tímabilinu 2005-2015 fjölgaði erlendum ferðamönnum á Íslandi úr tæplega 350 þúsundum á ári í tæplega 1,3 milljónir
Discussions are taking place in Iceland on the development and maintenance of tourist sites and various services needed in order for tourism to develop in line with the great increase in the number of foreign tourists
There are doubts that municipal income increases according to the increase in tourists, because it is most likely this will take place through municipal income tax, but much of the work related to tourism is carried out by migrant workers
Summary
Mikil umræða hefur verið um hvort sveitarfélögin fái sinn skerf af þeim tekjum sem aukin ferðaþjónusta skilar fyrir samneysluna en fram til þessa hefur það lítið verið rannsakað. Þrátt fyrir þetta hafa samtök sveitarfélaga þar í landi kvartað yfir því að sveitarfélög þar sem eru margir ferðamenn búi við sífelldan tekjuskort (ibid.). 82% sveitarfélaga þar sem ferðaþjónusta hefur mikið vægi eru með færri en 20 þúsund íbúa og njóta ekki sérstakra tekjustofna eyrnamerkta ferðamannasveitarfélögum Greining á fjárhag sveitarfélaga leiddi í ljós að aðeins í sveitarfélögum með færri en 5.000 íbúa og fleiri en 250.000 íbúa var neikvæð fylgni á milli fjárhagslegrar afkomu sveitarfélaganna og mikils vægis ferðaþjónustu. Ferðaþjónustan hafði almennt jákvæð áhrif í öðrum sveitarfélögum, meðal annars með því að auka stærðarhagkvæmni þar sem aukinn fjöldi notfærir sér þjónustu sveitarfélaga. Samkvæmt Villanueva-Cuevas (2012) er talið eftirsóknarvert fyrir sveitarfélög að komast í flokk ferðaþjónustusveitarfélaga en því fylgja einnig skyldur varðandi það að þróa ferðaþjónustu á svæðinu og efla landið sem áfangastað ferðamanna. O2lÞí0gek1sö3slínkseknöanlþgeiertivðorauð ferðamönnum með tæplega 328 þúsund skemmtiárið 2016 samkvæmt tölum Cruise Iceland (2016)
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