Abstract
Recently new resistant and/or tolerant genotypes to the main cryptogams (downy and powdery mildew) were identified, to be used in enhancing sustainable viticulture. These cultivars (result of interspecific crossings between Vitis vinifera cultivars and other Vitis species of American and Asian origin) are experiencing a relevant expansion in Europe in viticultural regions characterized by high rainfall per year. In two sites of Trentino (Northeastern Italy) with different soil pH levels, and where these conditions are widespread, an important study was scheduled. During the period 2015-2019, fifteen resistant varieties were monitored in order to have information about agronomical and nutritional behavior. Yearly, at fruit set nutritional aspects through leaf analyses and leaf green color (SPAD indexes) were monitored. At pre-veraison, photosynthetically active biomass behavior (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI indexes) was controlled. Weather conditions of different years strongly changed the availability of nutrients in vines in relation to different genotypes and their color of vegetation and vigor. Collected results allow to suggest interventions aimed at a more suitable nutritional management for resistant varieties, in comparison of Vitis vinifera, above all for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn); in particular, for magnesium (Mg), early foliar treatments should be recommended, especially in years where rainfall is concentrated in the spring months.
Highlights
Cultivars that have disease resistant traits require during the growing season a lower number of treatments to control both downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in comparison with Vitis vinifera cultivars
New resistant and/or tolerant genotypes to the main cryptogams were identified, to be used in enhancing sustainable viticulture. These cultivars are experiencing a relevant expansion in Europe in viticultural regions characterized by high rainfall per year
The introduction of grapevine cultivars less susceptible to diseases, with a low impact on the environment, had a relevant expansion in Europe in the last few years in viticultural regions characterized by high rainfall levels per year, requiring several fungicide applications
Summary
Cultivars that have disease resistant traits (result of obtained interspecific crossings between Vitis vinifera cultivars and other Vitis species of American and Asian origin) require during the growing season a lower number of treatments to control both downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in comparison with Vitis vinifera cultivars. In Trentino viticultural region, these conditions exceed an average of 800-900 mm precipitation per year, and the possibility to use resistant and or tolerant varieties registered in the Italian catalog of wine varieties, even if these are not allowed for wines with a designation of origin, has been seen as a real option for grape producers to enhance sustainable viticulture by reducing the number of plant protection treatments. In the last few years several hectares cultivated with these cultivars were planted in Trentino with the aim to obtain information on agronomical and physiological aspects. The aim of this work focused on the evaluation of the nutrient status of some resistant varieties, in order to confirm previous results and suggest to the viticulturist an enhanced fertilizer management program Little information is available on the nutritional requirements of these cultivars, with previous work based on a shorter period of observation [1, 2], indicating particular attention for Mg management.
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