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Abstract
The genus Peltula is an important cyanobacterial lichen group. We performed a taxonomic study on the Peltula from China using phylogenetic analysis based on three gene loci (ITS, nuSSU, nuLSU) together with additional species delimitation analyses by ABGD, bPTP and GMYC approaches and the phenotypic characteristics. Five new species (Peltula lobulata, P. polycarpa, P. polyphylla, P. pseudoboletiformis and P. submarginata) were found and described. Peltula lobulata is diagnostic in its small thallus with plenty of lobules, rolled down and irregularly lobed margins, and uneven cracked surfaces. Peltula polycarpa has convex and rolled down lobes and numerous apothecia with a thalloid rim covering the whole lobe, and it can be distinguished from fertile P. farinosa (southern Switzerland) by a bright olive-green and epruinose surface, and the absence of isidia. Peltula polyphylla is differentiated from any other known Peltula species by a very small polyphyllous thallus composed of abundant olive-brown to olive-black small lobes growing tightly and sometimes anastomosing and attaching to the substrate by a large and strong umbilical cluster. Peltula submarginata is similar to P. marginata but differs in the presence of encircled epinecral and algae layers, and the absence of a lower cortex. Peltula pseudoboletiformis is different from the similar species P. boletiformis in greener lobes, more yellow–green umbilici and certain phylogenetic differences. Moreover, a key to the species of Peltula in China is also provided here.
Highlights
The lichen family Peltulaceae, affiliated to Lichinales, Lichinomycetes, Ascomycota, has been reported to have more than 50 species all over the world far and 14 known in China [1]
The genus Peltula is comprised of species with an olive-green peltate, squamulose to subfruticose thalli attached to the substratum by umbilicus or rhizines, immersed apothecia, a gelatinous sheath on the ascus and numerous spores per ascus [10,11]
The upper cortex is generally absent in Peltula species, with the epinecral layer existing instead, except for P. impressula, which has a translucid upper cortex, as well as P. farinosa [5] and P. sonorensis [4,13] with a primitive upper cortex; the medulla is often composed of interwoven or cellular hyphae with a large air space existing in the medulla is often composed of interwoven or cellular hyphae with a large air space existin in the subfruticose thallus; and the lower cortex in most species clearly co2 nofs1i9sts of 3– layers of large cells
Summary
The lichen family Peltulaceae, affiliated to Lichinales, Lichinomycetes, Ascomycota, has been reported to have more than 50 species all over the world far and 14 known in China [1]. Nov., and an unknown species, but did not find Chroococcidiopsis, which is the only known unicellular terrestrial genus and could be considered robust support to delimit the genus Peltula. The genus Peltula is comprised of species with an olive-green peltate, squamulose to subfruticose thalli attached to the substratum by umbilicus or rhizines, immersed apothecia, a gelatinous sheath on the ascus and numerous spores per ascus [10,11]. It is currently subdivided into six growth forms of thallus, viz. Most of the species in Peltula have immersed apothecia, while P. au riculata and P. lobata are characterized by adnate type and P. imbricata with a sessile typ su[6b,f7r,u1t4ic].oIsne tchhaellmusis; tarnyd, othnelylotwweor ccolortseexlyinrmeloastet dspyeecileloswclepairglymceonntssis, tms oyfe3lo–8colanyoenrse oDf 1 and D lahragveecebllese.nMdoestteocfttehde fsrpoemciePseilntuPlealtlualnagheaivBeüimdeml eerxseEdliaxp[o1t5h]e.cia, while P. auriculata and P. lobatParaerveiochuasrarectpeorirztesdobfyPaeldtnualateintyCpehainnad mP.aiminblryicfaotacuwsiethd aosnesHsiolentgypKeo[n6g,7,[1146],.1I7n], Taiwa c[h1e8m],isGtrayn, osnuly[1t9w,2o0c]loasnedlyIrnenlaetredMyoenllgowolipaig[2m1e]n. tTsh, misysetluodcoyniosnbeaDs1edanodnDa2n, haadvdeibtieoennal surve doeftePceteltduflraoomnPtheletunlaaltaiongneailBsücdaelel ,eixnEclliuxd[i1n5g]. both the typical arid and semi-arid areas such a InnePrreMvioounsgroelpioar,tGs oafnPseult,uNla iinngCxhiianaamndainQlyinfgochuasie,daonndHsoonmgeKhonugm[1id6,1a7n],dTasiewmani-h[1u8m], id area PGInsseapunltneecusrhcluaiMeao[ss1on9dnA,t2gihnv0oeh]elinruaasan,iit,dtGiByoaInenfniaonjsliruensr,tcghNaM,elHeion,fneigirnbgxsceoitalilut,iaaidemnit[ndc2e.1g,Q]Sa.buinonTrtdghphhirastaihlsisl,eitntauhtgnydeldpyyfis,ciisvoaBmlebeaainejrsiieenhdwdugamoinssnpdidfeaoscaneuinmenadsdid-sdwaetriomtiiitdohbi-naehuaruaelmabmssubuisdirnluvidaccearhiy,enaaorthssfiinziPneelstuol sustcahlkass aAtntahcuhi,inBgeijtiongs,uHbesbtreai,teestc,.sSuucrhpraissisnogilly,oBreriojinckg sisufrofuancedst,oabree adbeusncrdiabnetdinfrPoemltuhlaere
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