Fish protection structuers on reservoirs of energy facilities as an important measure for the conservation of the herd of fish

Abstract

Directed formation of ichthyocenoses on the basis of reservoirs - energy objects - an important task for pasture aquaculture. At the energy facilities to ensure the operation of the main equipment, the main issue is water supply. The water intake structure, as the main technological element of the water supply system, must uninterruptedly take out water, at the same time functioning as a fish protection facility. According to the requirements of the Russian legislation, the effectiveness of preventing fish and other aquatic biological resources from entering water intake facilities should be at least 70%. Fish protecting device (FPD), along with high fish protection characteristics, should have a reliability that allows to maintain their functions during the entire period of operation. There are three main principles for preventing the ingress of juvenile fish into water intake facilities using FPD: ecological, behavioral and physical. At the present time, the most common at water intakes are net FPD, morally obsolete, according to many practitioners. They account for more than 60% of all FPDs. Among the promising types of fish protection structures are air-bubble type structures that operate on the principle of an ascending water-air curtain formed by a system of bottom modules with aerating nozzles. Among the advantages of this type of FPD is the positive effect on the hydrochemical state of water bodies. Aeration promotes the oxidation of organic substances in water, contributing to a decrease in the level of eutrophication of the aquatic ecosystem. Further improvement of the FPD at power facilities is important for the work on the release of valuable fish species, especially sterlet juveniles when stocking the Kuibyshev and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs.