Abstract
Numerous factors, including obesity are associated to the development of asthma and asthma-like symptoms. A high-fat diet, which contributes to obesity, can increase airway inflammation in healthy individuals. The widespread anti-inflammatory benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may provide a protective effect against dietary induced decrements in airway health. PURPOSE: To determine the influence of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation via fish oil on airway inflammation following a single high-fat meal (HFM). METHODS: Five healthy non-asthmatic males (22±4 yrs) were supplemented with 3 mg×day-1 fish oil for 3 weeks (FO), while six different males (22±4 yrs) received a placebo for 3 weeks (CON). Following supplementation measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO; a marker of airway inflammation), impulse oscillometry (resistance at 5-20Hz; reactance at 5Hz), pulmonary function (forced expiratory flow in 1-sec, FEV1; forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of vital capacity, FEF25-75%), and blood triglycerides (TG) were taken prior to and 2 hours following a HFM (1 gm fat/1 kg body weight; 76.2±6.6 gms of fat). RESULTS: HFM increased triglycerides (P<0.05) by 60 ± 33 mg×dL-1 and 85 ± 46 mg×dL-1 in both the FO and CON groups respectively. However, the relative increase in eNO was greater in the CON group compared to the FO group (26.6 ± 19.6% vs. -2.6 ± 13% respectively, P<0.05). FVC decreased in the CON group (5.32 ± 0.77 pre-HFM vs. 5.12 ± 0.76 l post-HFM, P<0.05) but was unchanged in FO group (4.88 ± 0.91 pre-HFM vs. 4.88 ± 0.80 l post-HFM, P>0.05). Measurements of impulse oscillometry, FEV1, and FEF25-75% were not significantly different for either condition following a HFM. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a HFM increases airway inflammation and decreases pulmonary function in healthy non-asthmatic subjects. In addition, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids via fish oil protects against the decreases in airway health caused by a single HFM.
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