Abstract
Environmental and dietary factors cause airway immune cells to produce mediators that increase tissue inflammation and smooth muscle constriction. A high‐fat meal is one stimulus that may increase airway inflammation in healthy individuals. Supplementation with omega‐3 fatty acids can have anti‐inflammatory properties via modification of arachidonic acid metabolism.AimTo determine if omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation via fish oil will mitigate the airway inflammatory response induced by a single high‐fat meal (HFM).MethodsNon‐asthmatic males (22±3 yrs) were supplemented with 3 mg×day‐1 fish oil (FO; n=5) or a placebo (CON; n=6) for 3 weeks. Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO; a marker of airway inflammation), impulse oscillometry, pulmonary function, and triglycerides were measured prior to and 2 hours following a HFM.ResultsFollowing a HFM, triglycerides increased in both FO and CON groups (79% and 118% respectively, P<0.05). The increase in eNO was higher in the CON group compared to the FO group (26.6 ± 19.6% vs. −2.6 ± 13% respectively, P<0.05). FVC was decreased in the CON group (5.32 ± 0.77 pre‐HFM vs. 5.12 ± 0.76 l post‐HFM, P<0.05) but was unchanged in FO group (4.88 ± 0.91 pre‐HFM vs. 4.88 ± 0.80 l post‐HFM, P>0.05).ConclusionA HFM increases airway inflammation and decrease pulmonary function. Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation via fish oil protects against HFM associated changes in airway health.
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