Abstract

AbstractThe U.S. Clean Water Act requires that the Environmental Protection Agency ensures that the location, design, construction, and capacity of water intakes for thermal power plants reflect the best technology available to reduce entrainment mortalities of fish and invertebrates during their early stages of life. Cylindrical wedge-wire screens are an efficient technology for protecting fish and invertebrates at water intakes, as they draw water at low flow velocities through a fine mesh. Although substantially reducing fish and invertebrate mortality, wedge-wire screens run significant risks of blockage by ice. This paper discusses how the characteristics of wedge-wire screens that enhance their ability to reduce mortalities also make them susceptible to blockage by frazil and anchor ice, and presents observations and field data regarding ice formation on a segment of wedge-wire screen placed in a small river. Ice formation on this screen involved initial frazil adhesion with subsequent metamorphism ...

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