Abstract
Observations are presented concerning the formation of frazil and anchor ice under natural conditions and several methods are described for studying their physical properties. Photomicrographs show that the stable form of frazil ice is a thin, free‐floating, rounded disk and that accumulations of these simple forms followed by regelation probably account for most of the underwater structures forming in bulk water super‐cooling to about −0.01°C. Frazil ice particles tend to gather on the upstream side of underwater objects with low adhesion between the collector and the ice mass.Anchor ice forms as thin crystalline sheets firmly attached to underwater objects. Those observed were unlike frazil ice in appearance and general characteristics. A method is described for inducing the formation of frazil ice on a large scale by seeding supercooled water with small fragments of solid CO2. Practical applications are suggested to determine whether this method may have economic importance wherever frazil ice causes trouble to hydroplants and similar installations in flowing streams which develop super‐cooling.
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