First report on the transmission of Zika virus by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) during the 2018 Zika outbreak in India

Abstract

In a recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Jaipur city (Rajasthan, India), a total of 159 cases were reported in September 2018. In order to identify vector responsible for Zika transmission, mosquitoes were collected from houses with reported Zika cases and nearby houses. A total of 108 pools containing 522 mosquitoes were tested for presence of ZIKV using RT-PCR and Real Time RT-PCR. We detected presence of ZIKV in three pools of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), out of a total of 79 pools with 383 Ae. aegypti through RT-PCR as well as real-time RT-PCR. The presence of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was further confirmed by DNA sequencing of the partial envelope region of ZIKV. Homology search of DNA sequence revealed highest identity (100%) with a ZIKV isolate from human from the study area which support the role of Ae. aegypti acting as a ZIKV vector. All other mosquitoes (Aedes vittatus and Culex quinquefasciatus) were negative for ZIKV. None of the F1 generation mosquito pools (276 mosquitoes in 43 pools) were found positive. This is the first report of presence of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti from the Indian subcontinent.