First report on the burden and distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the Ocellated icefish (Chionodraco rastrospinosus) of northern Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract

Understanding the distribution of trace elements in Ocellated icefish (Chionodraco rastrospinosus), one of fish species with lacking hemoglobin from the family Channichthyidae and distributes in a very limited area at the south Scotia Sea, will help understand their physiological composition and conserve this vulnerable population; however, information on this topic is extremely limited. This study examines trace elements (two essential elements, copper [Cu] and zinc [Zn], and two non-essential elements, cadmium [Cd] and lead [Pb]) in C. rastrospinosus and provides for the first time baseline data on elemental distribution in four tissues of C. rastrospinosus in the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP). The element concentrations showed the following trends: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd in muscle and stomach and Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in intestine and liver. Among all tissues, muscle had the lowest element concentrations. The average Zn level is 70.81 ± 28.91 μg g−1 dry weight (DW) in C. rastrospinosus muscle, which is higher significantly than average levels of Cu (0.56 ± 0.41 μg g−1 DW), Pb (0.29 ± 0.33 μg g−1 DW) and Cd (0.12 ± 0.05 μg g−1 DW). Zn and Cd concentrations in the stomach and intestines were significantly positively correlated. C. rastrospinosus could be a useful bioindicator for monitoring variability in trace elements dynamics in NAP and the environmental variability in this region.