First report of citrus huanglongbing disease on orange in Iran

Abstract

Plant PathologyVolume 58, Issue 4 p. 793-793 Free Access First report of citrus huanglongbing disease on orange in Iran M. M. Faghihi, M. M. Faghihi Hormozgan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre;Search for more papers by this authorM. Salehi, M. Salehi Fars Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre; andSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bagheri, A. Bagheri Hormozgan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre;Search for more papers by this authorK. Izadpanah, Corresponding Author K. Izadpanah Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran *E-mail: izadpana@shirazu.ac.ir. Accepted 23 December 2008 at http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr where figures relating to this paper can be viewed.Search for more papers by this author M. M. Faghihi, M. M. Faghihi Hormozgan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre;Search for more papers by this authorM. Salehi, M. Salehi Fars Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre; andSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bagheri, A. Bagheri Hormozgan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre;Search for more papers by this authorK. Izadpanah, Corresponding Author K. Izadpanah Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran *E-mail: izadpana@shirazu.ac.ir. Accepted 23 December 2008 at http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr where figures relating to this paper can be viewed.Search for more papers by this author First published: 20 July 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02051.xCitations: 16AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as greening, is a destructive disease of citrus that may limit production of this crop in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America. HLB is caused by a non-culturable phloem-limited bacterium of the genus ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’. Three Candidatus species of Liberibacter, namely, ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’, ‘Ca. L. africanus’ and ‘Ca. L. americanus’, have been identified (Bové, 2006). The psyllid Diaphorina citri, vector of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ was first detected in December 1997 in Iran in an area close to the border with Pakistan (Bovéet al., 2000). Since then, high populations of D. citri have been found in citrus plantations of Hormozgan and Kerman provinces in southern Iran (Bové, 2006). Citrus trees in this region exhibit typical HLB symptoms including mottling of leaves and yellowing of shoots. In the present study leaf samples from Valencia sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis) (20 with and 20 without symptoms) and over 50 psyllid samples were collected from various locations in Sistan-Baluchistan and Hormozgan provinces and total DNA was extracted using the CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) method. DNA samples were tested for presence of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ by nested PCR using primer pairs F1 (5′-TGAATTCTTCGAGGTTGGTGAGC-3′)/R1(5′-AGAATTCGACTTAATCCCCACCT-3′) as the first set and F2(5′-GCGTTCATGTAGAAGTTGTG-3′)/R2(5′-CCTACAGGTGGCTGACTCAT-3′) as the second set. Both primer pairs were designed based on the published beta-operon of ribosomal protein encoding sequence of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ (Villechanoux et al., 1993). Nested PCR resulted in amplification of a 400 bp product from five out of 20 leaf samples and 26 out of 50 psyllid samples. No amplicons were obtained from symptomless sweet orange trees and psyllid samples reared on healthy sweet orange seedlings. The amplified fragment from a psyllid sample was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. FJ172759). A blast search showed 100% identity with corresponding sequences of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ (M9439, AY34200 and EU078703). This is the first report on the occurrence of HLB disease in Iran. The disease appears to be widely distributed in citrus growing regions of southern Iran and may be a component of citrus decline in this area. References Bové JM, 2006. Huanglongbing: a destructive, newly–emerging, century-old disease of citrus. Journal of Plant Pathology 88, 7– 37. Web of Science®Google Scholar Bové JM, Danet GL, Bananej K et al ., 2000. Witches’ broom disease of lime (WBDL) in Iran. In: RH Yokomi, JV Da Graça, RF Lee, eds. Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. Riverside, CA, USA: IOCV, 300– 9. Google Scholar Villechanoux S, Garnier M, Laigret F, Renaudin J, Bové JM, 1993. The genome of the non-cultured, bacterial-like organism associated with citrus greening disease contains the nusG-rplKAJL gene cluster and the gene for a bacteriophage type DNA polymerase. Current Microbiology 26, 161– 6. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume58, Issue4August 2009Pages 793-793 ReferencesRelatedInformation