Abstract
We report on a record of Rufous-Breasted Leaftosser (Sclerurus scansor) nesting in a tree cavity, an unprecedented finding within the Sclerurinae. An active nest was found in the state of Paraná on 31st October 2017, and was inspected on several other occasions until May 2020. In the first survey, two adults were found incubating two white eggs; on November 23rd two nestlings were found in the nest. Later, the nest was found unoccupied, but individuals were found in the vicinity of the tree, and we inferred that they included at least one of the fledglings. Our observation suggests that this species exhibits a previously unknown level of reproductive flexibility. This nest was found in a peri-urban forest remnant and may be the result of local adaptations to several environmental disturbances, such as habitat fragmentation, pressure from exotic predators, low availability of suitable sites for burrow excavation, among others.
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