Abstract
The first normal stress difference (N1) in large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) consists of two contributions: one from non-oscillating nonzero mean value and the other from oscillating even harmonics, while the nonlinear shear stress can be expressed as a sum of odd harmonics. In this study, the two nonlinear contributions of N1 in entangled polymer solutions have been analyzed by systematical comparison with their shear stress counterparts (storage modulus and odd harmonics, respectively) as a function of strain amplitude and of Deborah number (De). The contributions of N1 were greater than those of the shear stress in the LAOS region. The nonzero mean value of N1 decreased with an increase in Deborah number, but conversely, the second harmonic of N1 increased. The relative intensity (the second harmonic over the fourth harmonic of N1) as an indicator of the nonlinearity of N1 decreased with the Deborah number. We also compared experimental results to model predictions from the eight-mode Giesekus c...
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