First level calorimeter trigger system for the Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

As part of a research and development project to study first-level calorimeter triggers for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is designed. It will search for candidate electromagnetic clusters associated with a particular cell from a 4*4 area of the calorimeter. The ASIC takes in sixteen (4*4) 8-b digitized signals from the calorimeter and will provide two results: (i) a flag to indicate the presence of an EM cluster; and (ii) a sum over the 4*4 area which will be used in the subsequent logic in the trigger system to search for jets and to calculate missing transverse energy. In the LHC, the bunch-crossing period is 15 ns, and therefore the logic is implemented on the ASIC using a pipelined architecture, with pipeline steps of 15 ns. The algorithm is implemented on a 0.8- mu m CMOS gate array and is packaged in a 179 pin ceramic pin grid array. The ASIC is tested above the full operating frequency of 67 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>