First Evidence of Vibrationally Driven Bimolecular Reactions in Solution: Reactions of Br Atoms with Dimethylsulfoxide and Methanol.

Abstract

We present evidence for vibrational enhancement of the rate of bimolecular reactions of Br atoms with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (CH3OH) in the condensed phase. The abstraction of a hydrogen atom from either of these solvents by a Br atom is highly endoergic: 3269 cm-1 for DMSO and 1416 or 4414 cm-1 for CH3OH, depending on the hydrogen atom abstracted. Thus, there is no thermal abstraction reaction at room temperature. Broadband electronic transient absorption shows that following photolysis of bromine precursors Br atoms form van der Waals complexes with the solvent molecules in about 5 ps and this Br•-solvent complex undergoes recombination. To explore the influence of vibrational energy on the abstraction reactions, we introduce a near-infrared (NIR) pump pulse following the photolysis pulse to excite the first overtone of the C-H (or O-H) stretch of the solvent molecules. Using single-wavelength detection, we observe a loss of the Br•-solvent complex that requires the presence of both photolysis and NIR pump pulses. Moreover, the magnitude of this loss depends on the NIR wavelength. Although this loss of reactive Br supports the notion of vibrationally driven chemistry, it is not concrete evidence of the hydrogen-abstraction reaction. To verify that the loss of reactive Br results from the vibrationally driven bimolecular reaction, we examine the pH dependence of the solution (as a measure of the formation of the HBr product) following long-time irradiation of the sample with both photolysis and NIR pump beams. We observe that when the NIR beam is on-resonance, the hydronium ion concentration increases fourfold as compared to that when it is off-resonance, suggesting the formation of HBr via a vibrationally driven hydrogen-abstraction reaction in solution.