First evaluation of resistance to both a California OsHV-1 variant and a French OsHV-1 microvariant in Pacific oysters

Konstantin Divilov,Colleen A Burge,Carolyn S Friedman,Benjamin Morga,Blaine Schoolfield,Lionel Dégremont,Brett R Dumbauld,Daniel Mancilla Cortez,Gary B Fleener,Chris Langdon

doi:10.1186/s12863-019-0791-3

Abstract

BackgroundVariants of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) cause high losses of Pacific oysters globally, including in Tomales Bay, California, USA. A suite of new variants, the OsHV-1 microvariants (μvars), cause very high mortalities of Pacific oysters in major oyster-growing regions outside of the United States. There are currently no known Pacific oysters in the United States that are resistant to OsHV-1 as resistance has yet to be evaluated in these oysters. As part of an effort to begin genetic selection for resistance to OsHV-1, 71 families from the Molluscan Broodstock Program, a US West Coast Pacific oyster breeding program, were screened for survival after exposure to OsHV-1 in Tomales Bay. They were also tested in a quarantine laboratory in France where they were exposed to a French OsHV-1 microvariant using a plate assay, with survival recorded from three to seven days post-infection.ResultsSignificant heritability for survival were found for all time points in the plate assay and in the survival phenotype from a single mortality count in Tomales Bay. Genetic correlations between survival against the French OsHV-1 μvar in the plate assay and the Tomales Bay variant in the field trait were weak or non-significant.ConclusionsFuture breeding efforts will seek to validate the potential of genetic improvement for survival to OsHV-1 through selection using the Molluscan Broodstock Program oysters. The lack of a strong correlation in survival between OsHV-1 variants under this study’s exposure conditions may require independent selection pressure for survival to each variant in order to make simultaneous genetic gains in resistance.

Highlights

Variants of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) cause high losses of Pacific oysters globally, including in Tomales Bay, California, USA
Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a widely distributed virus found to be the cause of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) mortality in oyster-growing countries of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States [1,2,3,4,5]
Seventy-one Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) families were selected on the basis of parental performance for yield, one family was a hybrid produced from two oysters inbred for three generations, two families had parents that naturally set in Willapa Bay, and one family was created for the purpose of commercial use by West Coast hatcheries

Summary

Introduction

Variants of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) cause high losses of Pacific oysters globally, including in Tomales Bay, California, USA. A suite of new variants, the OsHV-1 microvariants (μvars), cause very high mortalities of Pacific oysters in major oyster-growing regions outside of the United States. Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a widely distributed virus found to be the cause of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) mortality in oyster-growing countries of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States [1,2,3,4,5]. Mass selection consists of returning surviving oysters to the hatchery for spawning to create the generation. This presents a considerable risk to hatchery

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