Firefly Algorithm for SVM Multi-class Optimization on Soybean Land Suitability Analysis

Abstract

Soybean is the primary source of vegetable protein nutrition, containing fat and vitamins that Indonesian people widely consume. The decline in soybean production in Indonesia every year is due to the reduced area of soybean cultivation, thereby increasing dependence on imports from other countries. Land suitability maps can provide directions for priority locations for soybean cultivation based on land characteristics and weather to produce optimal production. The SVM multi-class algorithm has been applied to classify land suitability data to create a land suitability map but has yet to obtain optimal accuracy, especially for sigmoid kernels. The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of the sigmoid kernel SVM by utilizing the firefly algorithm. The study focuses on evaluating the suitability of soybean cultivation in Bogor and Grobogan Regencies. The results of the tests indicate that the firefly algorithm-optimized SVM (FA-SVM) significantly improves accuracy compared to the SVM without optimization. The accuracy achieved by FA-SVM is 89.95%, while the SVM without optimization only achieves an accuracy of 65.99%. The best parameters produced by the firefly algorithm are C=2.33 and σ=0.45 obtained from firefly customization, and the number of generations is 10. Based on this, the optimization algorithm can be used to produce an optimal model. The best optimal model obtained can be used as a guide for priority locations/areas for soybean cultivation by farming communities, so as to produce maximum soybean productivity.