Abstract
Fire hazard during ship transportation of certain modern solid fuels is identified. A particular mechanism which may lead to catastrophic ship fire is discussed. A mathematical model predicting time to such fully developed fire (flashover time) I s proposed. An analytical solution is obtained for the developed model. An important part of this solution is a closed form analytical description of the smoke filling dynamics in a closed compartment. It is demonstrated that flashover time depends on a number of parameters. The relative importance of these parameters is discussed. Particular significance is attributed to fuel soot propensity (fuel soot yield) which is an intrinsic fuel property. This parameter controls the intensity of radiative heat exchange in the compartment, and its influence on flashover time is of paramount importance. It is suggested that fuels are ranked with respect to this parameter in order to describe their relative fire hazards. This ranking should be implemented into the regulatory framework governing fuel transportation by ships.
Highlights
There is a strong emphasis currently on production and use of fuels, alternative to traditional, for clean energy generation
No rigorous fire safety regulations exist for the new fuels identified above, and the body of research on this topic is quite limited, existing studies point to potential fire hazards associated with such fuels
Allows fuel ignition times to be predicted for various values of controlling
Summary
There is a strong emphasis currently on production and use of fuels, alternative to traditional, for clean energy generation. (3) water vaporization; and (4) further thermal decomposition of organic elements and ignition These mechanisms have been considered in [1,2] in the context of fires developing in large biomass fuel piles in the open space, or within storage facilities containing such fuels. The major difference between this scenario and those considered in [1,2] is that fuel is contained in a tightly sealed space (i.e., cargo compartment of a ship) and smoke generated by the fire accidental fire (smoldering or flaming, no matter how small) will be maintained within the compartment Under such conditions, hot smoke, upon sufficient accumulation, may serve as a source of thermal radiation directed towards unburnt fuel.
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