Abstract
Abstract. A fire simulator and an evacuation simulator are generally used independently to diagnose the safety of a building in the case of the fire and evacuation. However, it is hard to provide highly accurate safety diagnosis with this method because it does not reflect the movement of pedestrians in the situation of a fire. Therefore, this study proposed a fire evacuation simulation technique that can describe the movement of pedestrians with considering the fire spread. The proposed simulation technique applies the fire spread data of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) to the floor field model (FFM) and it models that pedestrians recognizes the fire and take a detour to a safe route. This study proposed a method to link the data between FDS and FFM and an improved FFM considering fire spread. Additionally, the proposed method was applied to a real building on a university campus. This study simulated evacuations under various scenarios. Simulation results showed that the number of evacuees escaping through each exit varied by the presence of fire. Moreover, it was found that the evacuation time was increased or decreased by the fire and bottleneck phenomenon was also worsened under fire situation.
Highlights
A fire simulator and an evacuation simulator are generally used independently to diagnose the safety of a large building in the situation of fire and evaluation
An evacuation simulator is used to estimate the required safe egress time (RSET), which is the time required for people in the building to move to a safe location on foot. a fire simulator is used to calculate the available safe egress time (ASET) which is time before the fire affects pedestrians
This study proposed a fire evacuation simulation with coupling fire dynamics simulator (FDS) and floor field model (FFM)
Summary
A fire simulator and an evacuation simulator are generally used independently to diagnose the safety of a large building in the situation of fire and evaluation. It is difficult to accurately and practically diagnose the actual safety of a building using a fire simulator and an evacuation simulator independently because this method does not reflect the movement of pedestrians under a fire spreading situation. FDS+Evac has a shortfall that the calculation speed lowers drastically when there are many pedestrians and the structure of a building is complex It means that it takes a long time to run an evacuation simulation for a large building. This study proposed a fire evacuation simulation that would be able to describe the movement of pedestrians with considering the fire spread in the condition of many pedestrians and complex building structure by using FFM, known to have fast calculation speed.
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