Abstract
In the last few years, modern technologies such as numerical simulations, virtual and augmented reality, and agent-based models represented effective tools to study phenomena, which may not be experimentally reproduced due to costs, inherent hazards, or other constraints (e.g., fire or earthquake emergencies and evacuation from buildings). This paper shows how to integrate a virtual reality platform with numerical simulation tools to reproduce an evolutionary fire emergency scenario. It is computed in real time based on the building information model and a fluid dynamic software. A specific software was also used to simulate in real time the crowd dynamic in the virtual environment during the emergency evacuation process. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, the emergency fire evacuation process for an existing school building is presented. The results show that the proposed virtual reality-based system can be employed for reproducing fire emergency scenarios. It can be used to help decision-makers to determine emergency plans and to help firefighters as a training tool to simulate emergency evacuation actions.
Highlights
Building Using an EvolutionaryBuilding emergency management can be defined as an integrated scientific methodology that concerns several aspects, such as emergency preplanning and psychological human behavior (Gao et al 2011; Yan 2011) [1,2]
The module consists in the preparation of the integrated fire rescue virtual reality (VR) scenario that is built through Unity3D, which is software for the development of games written in C++
10 ofof risk profile influences the exodus, as it defines the size of the corridor and the width the exit routes; it is determined by δocc that indicates some prevailing characteristics of the occupants inside the building, and δa that indicates the prevalent fire growth characteristic profiles were considered inA2 theand simulation, A2means and A3, which means that speed
Summary
Building emergency management can be defined as an integrated scientific methodology that concerns several aspects, such as emergency preplanning and psychological human behavior (Gao et al 2011; Yan 2011) [1,2]. The development of more accurate models, such as those coming from virtual reality (VR) technology, has provided an effective solution for such training tasks, leading to more realistic simulations of fire emergency scenarios (Lee and El-Tawil 2008; Cha et al 2012; Manca et al 2013; Xu et al 2020) [15,16,17,18]. VR technologies realistic simulations of fire of the ever, they do notstudies provideonmuch knowledge for on the evolutionary conditions emergency scenarios introduced advancements this field of research Onsignificant the contrary, this researchinwork contribution focuses on these t ever, they do not provide much knowledge on the evolutionary conditions of the emergency and deepens the methodology to integrate different software in a VR platform in or scenario.
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