Finite-temperature dipolar ultracold Bose gas with exchange interactions

Abstract

We develop finite-temperature theory for a trapped dipolar Bose gas including thermal-exchange interactions. Previous treatments neglected these difficult-to-compute terms. We present a methodology for numerically evaluating the thermal-exchange contributions, making use of cylindrical symmetry. We then investigate properties of the dipolar gas, including calculating the excitation spectrum over the full range of trap anisotropy. We evaluate the contributions due to thermal exchange noting that, under some regimes, these effects can be at least as significant as the direct interaction. We therefore provide guidance as to when these cumbersome terms can be neglected and when care should be exercised regarding their omission.