Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the multiple slip effects on magnetohydrodynamic unsteady Maxwell nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet with thermal radiation and thermo-diffusion in the presence of chemical reaction. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the aid of appropriate similarity variables, and the transformed equations are then solved numerically by using a variational finite element method. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, solutal concentration, and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer, and Sherwood number for solutal concentration are discussed by the aid of graphs and tables. An exact solution of flow velocity, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number is compared with the numerical solution obtained by FEM and also with numerical results available in the literature. A good agreement between the exact and numerical solution is observed. Also, to justify the convergence of the finite element numerical solution, the calculations are carried out by reducing the mesh size. The present investigation is relevant to high-temperature nanomaterial processing technology.
Highlights
The investigation of unsteady Maxwell nanofluid flow over a stretched surface has significantly expanded in recent decades due to several applications in engineering and physical processes.These include microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), advanced nuclear system, combustion chambers, nuclear plants, aircraft, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), fuel cells, glass fiber, and paper production, which play an important role in our daily lives
By using the appropriate similarity transformation, the control nonlinear PDEs are transformed into a set of highly nonlinear ODEs, and the nonlinear coupled ODEs are solved by using robust and verified variational finite element method under the realistic boundary conditions
The computations have been performed for velocity, temperature, solutal and nanofluid volume fraction functions for various values of physical parameters
Summary
The investigation of unsteady Maxwell nanofluid flow over a stretched surface has significantly expanded in recent decades due to several applications in engineering and physical processes. These include microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), advanced nuclear system, combustion chambers, nuclear plants, aircraft, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), fuel cells, glass fiber, and paper production, which play an important role in our daily lives. Processes 2019, 7, 628 biofluids, and ethylene–glycol mixture) enhance thermal conductivity when nanoparticles are added. The thermal conductivity increases when nanoparticles are added, as described by the authors of [2,3,4,5]
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