Abstract
Skid resistance is an important surface characteristic that influences roadway safety. Various studies have been performed to understand the interaction between pavement and tires through numerical simulation for skid resistance prediction. However, the friction parameters required for simulation inputs are generally determined by objective assumptions. This paper develops a finite element method (FEM)-based skid resistance simulation framework using in-situ 3D pavement surface texture and skid resistance data. A 3D areal pavement model is reconstructed from high resolution asphalt pavement surface texture data. The exponential decay friction model is implemented in the simulation and the interface friction parameters required for the simulation are determined using the binary search back-calculation approach based on a trial process with the desired level of differences between simulated and observed skid numbers. To understand the influence of texture characteristics on interface friction parameters, the high-resolution 3D texture data is separated into macro- and micro-scales through Butterworth filtering and various areal texture indicators are calculated at both levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) regression analysis is conducted to quantify the relationship between various texture characteristics and the interface friction parameters. The results from this study can be used to better prepare the inputs of friction parameters for FEM simulation.
Highlights
The risk of traffic accidents may rise significantly when the skid resistance is lower than a certain threshold [1]
dynamic friction tester (DFT) testing is generally consideredare as 1able mmto[41], the rough spotsThe on water the pavement surfacefor with surface characteristics break-through the spots onwater the pavement surface with micro-roughinterface surface characteristics able to break-through the film of present at the rubber-pavement and formare skid resistance
Principal component analysis (PCA) [65,66], a statistical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components, is used for dimension reduction
Summary
The risk of traffic accidents may rise significantly when the skid resistance is lower than a certain threshold [1]. Macro- and micro- pavement textures have been found to contribute significantly to surface friction and various relationships have been developed [3,7,8,9]. Fwa and Ong [31] presented the back-calculation method to determine the interface friction parameters from the skid resistance FEM simulation model. Researchers from Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) [35,36,37,38] developed a temperature depended skid resistance simulation model considering actual asphalt pavement surface morphologies from X-ray scanning images. Despite extensive advancements in this area, few studies have integrated in-situ high resolution 3D areal texture surface data sets for rubber pavement interface friction simulation. An appropriate rubber asphalt pavement interaction model with rich pavement texture characteristics is needed to capture the realistic rubber asphalt pavement interface friction behavior
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