Abstract
The effect of structure, elastic modulus and thickness of lower modulus layer in porous titanium implants on the stress distribution at the implant–bone interface was investigated. Three-dimensional finite element models of different titanium implants were constructed. The structures of the implants included the whole lower modulus style (No.1), bio-mimetic style (No.2), the whole lower modulus style in cancellous bone (No.3) and the whole dense style No.4. The stress distributions at bone–implant interface under static loading were analyzed using Ansys Workbench 10.0 software. The results indicated that the distribution of interface stress is strongly depended on the structure of the implants. The maximum stresses in cancellous bone and root region of implant No.2 are lower than those in the other three implants. A decrease in the modulus of the low modulus layer facilitates the interface stress transferring. Increasing the thickness of the low modulus layer can reduce the stress and induce a more uniform stress distribution at the interface. Among the four implants, biomimetic style implant No.2 is superior in transferring implant–bone interface stress to surrounding bones.
Highlights
Titanium and titanium alloys have become the preferred materials for dental implants owing to their good biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and suitable mechanical properties
Implant No.2 has the lowest maximum stress at both cancellous bone and root zone comparing with other implants
Implant No.1 has the largest stress in cortical bone and No.3 has the largest stress in the root of cancellous bone
Summary
Titanium and titanium alloys have become the preferred materials for dental implants owing to their good biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and suitable mechanical properties. The bonding strength at the interface between the implant and the bone is not high enough and the biological fixation has not been achieved. The mandible has structural characteristic of an outer layer of dense cortical bone and an inner layer of porous cancellous bone. The elastic modulus and mechanical properties of cortical bones are different from those of cancellous bones. Current dental implants are mainly fabricated using dense titanium and titanium alloys, which have no features representing the difference between the inner and outer layers of the mandible or that between their elastic modulus. In this study, according to the structural characteristics of the mandible and the clinical requirements for the implant mechanical properties, a novel bio-mimetic design of implant is proposed for the titanium implants, which composes of a cortical bone zone with
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