Abstract
Objective: To determine the biomechanical effects of implant insertion angle and direction of orthodontic force on maxilla and mandible by finite element approach and factorial analysis. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite element bone block models of maxilla and mandible with type D3 and D2 bone quality were constructed. Mini-implants were inserted at 30°, 60°, and 90° and orthodontic force was applied to the center of the mini-implant head at 60°, 90°, and 120° angulation. ANSYS software was used to evaluate the stress on implant, stress on bone and displacement of bone. Results: Maximum von Mises stress was observed at 30° insertion angle. The stress on implant, stress on bone and displacement of bone increased as the insertion angle decreased from 90° to 30° and was statistically significant in both maxilla and mandible. The direction of orthodontic force had no statistically significant effect on stress and displacement around mini-implant in both maxilla and mandible. The stress on bone and displacement of bone was greater in maxilla compared to that of mandible and was statistically significant. Conclusion: Placement of mini-implant perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth reduces the stress concentration around the mini-implant and its interface, thereby increasing the likelihood of implant stability. The direction of orthodontic force has no significant effect on implant stability.
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