Abstract
ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to compare different surgical approaches to rapid canine retraction by designing and selecting the most effective method of reducing resistance by a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Material and MethodsThree-dimensional finite element models of different approaches to rapid canine retraction by reducing resistance and distraction were established, including maxillary teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar. The models were designed to dissect the periodontal ligament, root, and alveolar separately. A 1.5 N force vector was loaded bilaterally to the center of the crown between first molar and canine, to retract the canine distally. The value of total deformation was used to assess the initial displacement of the canine and molar at the beginning of force loading. Stress intensity and force distribution were analyzed and evaluated by Ansys 13.0 through comparison of equivalent (von Mises) stress and maximum shear stress. ResultsThe maximum value of total deformation with the three kinds of models occurred in the distal part of the canine crown and gradually reduced from the crown to the apex of the canine; compared with the canines in model 3 and model 1, the canine in model 2 had the maximum value of displacement, up to 1.9812 mm. The lowest equivalent (von Mises) stress and the lowest maximum shear stress were concentrated mainly on the distal side of the canine root in model 2. The distribution of equivalent (von Mises) stress and maximum shear stress on the PDL of the canine in the three models was highly concentrated on the distal edge of the canine cervix.ConclusionsRemoval of the bone in the pathway of canine retraction results in low stress intensity for canine movement. Periodontal distraction aided by surgical undermining of the interseptal bone would reduce resistance and effectively accelerate the speed of canine retraction.
Highlights
Conventional fixed orthodontic treatment requires about 1–2 years4
What is the status of stress in the maxillary teeth, the periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone during rapid canine retraction? How does the biomechanics differ between dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis and periodontal distraction aided by surgical undermining of the interseptal bone? Will it produce side-effects in addition to tooth movement? To address these questions via the finite element (FE) method, in this study we constructed a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the maxillary teeth, the periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone after extracting the first premolars
We defined the FEM of periodontal distraction aided by surgical undermining of the interseptal bone as model 2 (PD)
Summary
Conventional fixed orthodontic treatment requires about 1–2 years. More time is required for extraction cases, such as for adult patients, which is a great concern and poses high risk of caries, external root resorption. Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and the resulting shortening of the treatment duration would be beneficial. Many researchers have utilized different biochemical methods involving medications to improve the speed and quality of orthodontic treatment, but the systemic influence on the body’s metabolism makes this difficult to apply in Orthodontics. Investigators have begun studying local techniques for stimulating better orthodontic tooth movement. Aided rapid tooth movement has become one of the novel techniques for accelerating canine retraction
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