Abstract
District heating is not a new technology. A major constraint in introducing district heating is the high investment cost for the distribution network. Thus, attempts should be made to obtain maximum financial returns if such an investment is to be made. So a mathematical model, using an adaptive and hierarchical finite-difference technique, has been developed for predicting the steady-state heat losses to the environment from the hotter (supply) pipe when vertically placed above the warmer (return) one in the trench. This computer model has been validated by comparing the predictions from it with pertinent experimental observations. The model has then been used to predict the dimensions of the optimal (i.e. maximum energy-thrift) configuration of the district-heating pipes in trenches filled with gravel.
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