Abstract
A finite difference model of thorium transport in tungsten electrodes and its effect on the thermionic emission current is presented. Lattice, grain boundary and surface diffusion, grain boundary and surface segregation, evaporation, limited solubility and the rate of formation of thorium metal from thorium oxide are included. From the view of thermionic emission, the “ideal” grain size depends on the operation temperature of the electrode. High operation temperatures ( T > 2300 K) favor larger grain sizes. Low operation temperatures ( T < 2000 K) favor smaller grain sizes. The emission current is sensitive to the prior thermal treatments that the electrode has seen.
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