Abstract
Aquaculture production as an important source of protein for our diet is sure to continue in the coming years. However, marine pollution will also likely give rise to serious problems for the food safety of molluscs. Seafood is widely recognized for its high nutritional value in our diet, leading to major health benefits. However, the threat of marine pollution including heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and other emerging pollutants is of ever-growing importance and seafood safety may not be guaranteed. New approaches for the search of biomarkers would help us to monitor pollutants and move towards a more global point of view; protocols for the aquaculture industry would also be improved. Rapid and accurate detection of food safety problems in bivalves could be carried out easily by protein biomarkers. Hence, proteomic technologies could be considered as a useful tool for the discovery of protein biomarkers as a first step to improve the protocols of seafood safety. It has been demonstrated that marine pollutants are altering the bivalve proteome, affecting many biological processes and molecular functions. The main response mechanism of bivalves in a polluted marine environment is based on the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress. All these proteomic data provided from the literature suggest that alterations in oxidative stress due to marine pollution are closely linked to robust and confident biomarkers for seafood safety.
Highlights
Aquaculture offers an improved opportunity for cultivating and harvesting marine food including fish, crustaceans, mollusc and aquatic plants through efficient large-scale production
Several molecular biomarkers of different chemical classes such as malondialdehyde or diene conjugated for lipid oxidation, others associated with DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes, non-enzyme antioxidants as well as metallothioneins have been proposed to assess environmental pollution [57]
The classical technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to separate proteins followed by mass spectrometry (MS), MALDI-TOF/TOF, was the most used in the collected studies
Summary
Aquaculture offers an improved opportunity for cultivating and harvesting marine food including fish, crustaceans, mollusc and aquatic plants through efficient large-scale production. Ensuring and preventing failures in regard to food quality and safety are key targets of the food industry tion of polluted marine organisms is studied from a food toxicological point of view beto avoid public health problems. This novel approach allows us to understand the response of the organisms to the pollutants at a molecular level, as well as the search of biomarkers, which leads to immunoassay, targeted mass spectrometry, etc. This review aims to highlight relevant and innovative applications of proteomics to search biomarkers of marine bivalves in antioxidant molecular mechanisms, ensuring food safety This will be an emerging challenge within the marine contamination field in future years. Commonly usedused for finding protein protein biomarkers in the field in of food technology
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